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Mormonism 101

  • Posted by Tom Quinn
  • 17 June 2008

Tom Quinn continues his series on the LDS Church by discussing some of his faith's most basic-and often controversial-points of doctrine.

Ever since Mitt Romney, a practising Mormon, began showing up at Republican presidential debates with his immaculately quaffed hair and robotic pseudo-personality, the general public has been paying a lot more attention to the LDS Church, a faith that until recently was easily dismissed as yet another creepy cult from the Western United States.

In my humble opinion as the lowest-ranking writer at the New Statesman, Mormonism is still largely misunderstood. Keeping that in mind, I've tried to provide in this blog entry a brief explanation of the our most basic beliefs. Unfortunately, I have neither the time nor space to give much more than a rough sketch, though anyone interested in digging up material to either support or refute my claims should take comfort in knowing that such information is only a Google search away.

As the somewhat longish official name might suggest, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is an organization dedicated first and foremost to the worship of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Saviour of all mankind. We, like most Christian denominations, believe he was born of the Virgin Mary in order to redeem humanity from its lost and fallen state. As Isaiah 53:5 says, "He was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed."

Also, like most Christian denominations, we consider the Bible to be the word of God. We believe it was written by inspired men and women for use in their days as well as ours, and that all can grow closer to God by reading and adhering to its teachings.

We also believe in the Book of Mormon, from whence our nickname is derived. Like the Bible, the Book of Mormon is a record of God's dealings with ancient prophets, and was written for the benefit of Christians both past and present. It serves as another testament of Jesus Christ, complementing and clarifying the eternal truths found in the Bible. Mormons also hold as sacred a book called Doctrine and Covenants, which is a compilation of commandments given to contemporary church leaders since its organization in 1830.

Speaking of new commandments, one of the main differences between Mormonism and mainstream Christianity is the fact that Mormons believe in continual revelation via modern-day prophets. Much like the form of Christianity found in the New Testament, we believe God has called a prophet and 12 apostles to facilitate communication between heaven and Earth. With our living prophet, Thomas S. Monson, Mormonism is able to adapt to changing circumstances by merely shifting theological gears. In other words, the church can turn on a dime.

The existence of a living prophet, however, does not prevent the average, run-of-the-mill Mormon from establishing a personal relationship with God. We believe that everyone is entitled to such a relationship, and all members—in theory—are encouraged to pray to Him regarding the veracity of any point of doctrine before jumping on the metaphorical bandwagon.

Unfortunately, many Mormons forget the importance of acquiring one's own personal conviction, and are instead coerced onto said bandwagon via intense social pressure or threats of eternal damnation. In that sense, I understand why the the LDS Church can appear cult-like to those outside the tradition. This behaviour, however, has its roots not in Mormon doctrine, but in Mormon culture, two entirely different—and often opposing—belief systems. Sadly, even some members have a hard time distinguishing between the two. Believe me, I could fill volumes with tales of negative experiences I've had with well-meaning but ill-informed Mormons. Of course, if I addressed that today, what would I write about tomorrow?

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17 comments from readers

Mormons Are Christian
17 June 2008 at 14:03

The Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) is often accused of not believing in Christ and, therefore, not being a Christian religion This article helps to clarify such misconceptions by examining early Christianity's theology relating to baptism, the Godhead, the deity of Jesus Christ and His Atonement.

• Baptism: .

Early Christian churches, practiced baptism of youth (not infants) by immersion by the father of the family. The local congregation had a lay ministry. An early Christian Church has been re-constructed at the Israel Museum, and the above can be verified. http://www.imj.org.il/eng/exhibitions/2000/christianity/anci...

The Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) continues baptism and a lay ministry as taught by Jesus’ Apostles. Early Christians were persecuted for keeping their practices sacred, and prohibiting non-Christians from witnessing them.

• The Trinity: .

A literal reading of the New Testament points to God and Jesus Christ , His Son , being separate , divine beings , united in purpose. . To whom was Jesus praying in Gethsemane, and Who was speaking to Him and his apostles on the Mount of Transfiguration?

The Nicene Creed”s definition of the Trinity was influenced by scribes translating the Greek manuscripts into Latin. The scribes embellished on a passage explaining the Trinity , which is the Catholic and Protestant belief that God is Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The oldest versions of the epistle of 1 John, read: "There are three that bear witness: the Spirit, the water and the blood and these three are one."

Scribes later added "the Father, the Word and the Spirit," and it remained in the epistle when it was translated into English for the King James Version, according to Dr. Bart Ehrman, Chairman of the Religion Department at UNC- Chapel Hill. He no longer believes in the Nicene Trinity. .

Scholars agree that Early Christians believed in an embodied God; it was neo-Platonist influences that later turned Him into a disembodied Spirit. Harper’s Bible Dictionary entry on the Trinity says “the formal doctrine of the Trinity as it was defined by the great church councils of the fourth and fifth centuries is not to be found in the New Testament.”

Divinization, narrowing the space between God and humans, was also part of Early Christian belief. St. Athanasius of Alexandria (Eastern Orthodox) wrote, regarding theosis, "The Son of God became man, that we might become God." . The Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) views the Trinity as three separate divine beings , in accord with the earliest Greek New Testament manuscripts.

• The Deity of Jesus Christ

Mormons hold firmly to the deity of Christ. For members of the Church of Jesus Christ (LDS), Jesus is not only the Son of God but also God the Son. Evangelical pollster George Barna found in 2001 that while only 33 percent of American Catholics, Lutherans, and Methodists (28 percent of Episcopalians) agreed that Jesus was “without sin”, 70 percent of Mormons believe Jesus was sinless. http://www.adherents.com/misc/BarnaPoll.html

• The Cross and Christ’s Atonement: .

The Cross became popular as a Christian symbol in the Fifth Century A.D. . Members of the Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) believe the proper Christian symbol is Christ’s resurrection , not his crucifixion on the Cross. Many Mormon chapels feature paintings of the resurrected Christ or His Second Coming. Furthermore, members of the church believe the major part of Christ’s atonement occurred in the Garden of Gethsemane as Christ took upon him the sins of all mankind.

• Definition of “Christian”: .

But Mormons don’t term Catholics and Protestants “non-Christian”. They believe Christ’s atonement applies to all mankind. The dictionary definition of a Christian is “of, pertaining to, believing in, or belonging to a religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ”: All of the above denominations are followers of Christ, and consider him divine, and the Messiah foretold in the Old Testament. They all worship the one and only true God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and address Him in prayer as prescribed in The Lord’s Prayer.

It’s important to understand the difference between Reformation and Restoration when we consider who might be authentic Christians. . Early Christians had certain rituals which defined a Christian http://sacred-texts.com/chr/ecf/207/2070037.htm , which members of the Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) continue today. . If members of the Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) embrace early Christian theology, they are likely more “Christian” than their detractors.

• The Parallel with the “Rise of Christianity”

Rodney Stark in his book “The Rise of Christianity” found parallels with the rise of Mormonism:

A similar growth rate (40 percent for Christianity, and 43 percent for Mormonism) for both nascent religious movements. Conversions proceeded along social networking lines, primarily. While Christianity retained Jews’ belief in the Old Testament, Mormonism retains Creedal Christians’ belief in both the New and Old Testaments. The Romans martyred the Christian leaders, the mobs in Missouri and Illinois martyred the Mormon leaders. In both cases, they expected the fledgling movements to fail without their leaders.

• The Need for a Restoration of the Christian Church:

The founder of the Baptist Church in America, Roger Williams, just prior to leaving the church he established, said this:

"There is no regularly constituted church of Christ on earth, nor any person qualified to administer any church ordinances; nor can there be until new apostles are sent by the Great Head of the Church for whose coming I am seeking.” (Picturesque America, p. 502.)

Martin Luther had similar thoughts: "Nor can a Christian believer be forced beyond sacred Scriptures,...unless some new and proved revelation should be added; for we are forbidden by divine law to believe except what is proved either through the divine Scriptures or through Manifest revelation."

He also wrote: "I have sought nothing beyond reforming the Church in conformity with the Holy Scriptures. The spiritual powers have been not only corrupted by sin, but absolutely destroyed; so that there is now nothing in them but a depraved reason and a will that is the enemy and opponent of God. I simply say that Christianity has ceased to exist among

those who should have preserved it."

The Lutheran, Baptist and Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) churches recognize an apostasy from early Christianity. The Lutheran and Baptist churches have attempted reform, but Mormonism (and Roger Williams, and perhaps Martin Luther) require inspired restoration, so as to re-establish an unbroken line of authority and apostolic succession.

* * *

• Christ-Like Lives:

The 2005 National Study of Youth and Religion published by UNC-Chapel Hill found that Church of Jesus Christ (LDS) youth (ages 13 to 17) were more likely to exhibit these Christian characteristics than Evangelicals (the next most observant group):

1. Attend Religious Services weekly

2. Importance of Religious Faith in shaping daily life – extremely important

3. Believes in life after death

4. Does NOT believe in psychics or fortune-tellers

5. Has taught religious education classes

6. Has fasted or denied something as spiritual discipline

7. Sabbath Observance

8. Shared religious faith with someone not of their faith

9. Family talks about God, scriptures, prayer daily

10. Supportiveness of church for parent in trying to raise teen (very supportive)

11. Church congregation has done an excellent job in helping teens better understand their own sexuality and sexual morality

LDS Evangelical

1. 71% 55%

2. 52 28

3. 76 62

4. 100 95

5. 42 28

6. 68 22

7. 67 40

8. 72 56

9. 50 19

10. 65 26

11. 84 35

So what do you think the motivation is for the Evangelical preachers to denigrate the Mormon Church? You would think Evangelical preachers would be emulating Mormon practices (a creed to believe, a place to belong, a calling to live out, and a hope to hold onto) which were noted by Methodist Rev. Kenda Creasy Dean of the Princeton Theological Seminary, as causing Mormon teenagers to “top the charts” in Christian characteristics. (see http://MormonTeenagers.blogspot.com)

It seems obvious no one should be denigrating a church based on First Century Christianity, with high efficacy.

elzerism
17 June 2008 at 16:39

Careful there Mormoms - I am interested in knowing about your religion but you may be coming from a place of assumption that we are all religious nuts in the first place.

Next question - someone explain, in clear and easy to understand language, why can't mormons have coffee? And how many of you out there rock diet coke?

AnnInMaryland
17 June 2008 at 17:48

elzerism,

Thank you for your post. No, we don't think you are all religious nuts -- not at all. We believe and accept all truth about God the Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, and desire to add to the good and true beliefs of others, not take anything away.

The abstension from coffee is called the Word of Wisdon, and comes from Section 89 of the Doctrine and Covenants, one of our books of scripture. We also abstain from black and green tea (but not herbal tea), alcohol in any form, and tobacco, as well as from harmful drugs. As for Diet Coke, I confess that I quite like it, although it's recommended but not required that we avoid it.

Hope this is helpful.

Ann in Maryland

Rathje
17 June 2008 at 20:46

Most ordinary Mormons aren't too concerned with what I'm going to explain, but at the theological level, there is a pretty big difference between Mormonism and traditional Christianity.

Mormonism rejects creation ex nihilo, or creation out of nothing. Christianity believes everything had an absolute start when God created it out of nothing at a given instant. Mormonism rejects this, and instead posits that all matter is eternal and that human identity is likewise eternal - without beginning or end. God never created anything "out of nothing."

Most people on the street aren't going to care about this, one way or the other. And most Mormons don't either. But it basically explodes almost the entire theological structure Christian theologians and philosophers have been meticulously building up over the last 2000 years.

Which is why they tend to be pretty miffed with us Mormons, most of the time. Stuff about believing Jesus and the Father are separate beings, additional scripture, continuing revelation and prophecy... all that is really just quibbling over differences of degree. Creation ex nihilo is where the real rift is.

john
18 June 2008 at 03:26

I am a returned missionary who no longer believes in the Mormon church, and who has concluded that its doctrines are bad.

The Book of Mormon says that Native Americans descended from a man named Laman who was cursed for his wickedness with a "skin of blackness" to make him and his descendants loathsome. Mormon Apostle Mark E. Petersen spoke at Brigham Young University in 1954 and said that this dark-skinned curse also explains the dark skin of all non-white races. This doctrine of white supremacy stems from ignorant racist bigotry, and it is still canonized in the Book of Mormon. No apology or retraction has ever been given for this doctrine -- merely a change in practice, allowing blacks to hold the priesthood in this church that still claims dark skin is a curse from God.

It is an insult to my Chinese wife and half Chinese daughter, and to all non-white people around the world. I am disgusted with the Church's dedicated efforts to convert non-whites around the globe, because the conversion process never includes a clear explanation of this doctrine. A person of color who is raised from childhood to believe strongly in Mormonism will very possibly find out about these doctrines after they grow up and do some research. How will that make them feel? How cruel.

I could also say plenty about the Mormon Church's sexist doctrines and explain why I think it deserves to be called a cult, but I'll stop here. A good book on the subject that was written by a former Mormon missionary, is "The Mormon Cult: A Former Missionary Reveals the Secrets of Mormon Mind Control."

rwallen84
18 June 2008 at 07:09

John,

I sympathize with you for the many misunderstandings that church doctrine may cause. I am of Asian descent myself, and whenever I begin to look at certain points of church doctrine as if they were developed through some political process, I find myself very frustrated. Also, if I was to consider a few of the comments I've heard from white members about my race as the overall opinion of the church, than I'd have left a long time ago. But I refuse to look at the LDS church as an organization created and led solely by the ever-changing doctrines of man. The changes that have occurred in regards to the priesthood being available to all worthy men, regardless of race, are not insulting to me. Race is a thing that, of course, did not exist before this life and will not provide us any advantage nor disadvantage in the next. The mysteries of how this world's many races came to be, with their different languages and societies, create some perplexing questions, which I don't pretend to understand. These questions regarding the history of God's dealings with each race are present in any religion, and if one professes a belief in the God of which the bible speaks of, it cannot be denied that God has blessed some and cursed others as a direct result of their obedience to him. Whatever the case may be with my non-white ancestors, I do not feel hindered in my opportunities to receive blessings because of choices and consequences that came to pass thousands of years ago. I thank you for your service as a missionary. I served my mission in areas of Brazil where whites were the minority. On more than a few occasions these people felt the overwhelming presence of the spirit telling them that they were loved by a Heavenly Father who wanted them to receive all that is His. My lack of understanding has caused several moments of doubt during my membership in the church, but to cast away all the evidences which the spirit has given me would be a shameful thing, and I hope you have not persuaded yourself to deny the experiences you have had.Please, reconsider the opinions you have formed about the church, in certain situations it is easy to get lost in what is of God and what is of man. Your return would bring joy to many.

-Ryan

john
18 June 2008 at 09:58

Ryan,

I want to thank you for your kind words. I have to respectively disagree with you, however, about church doctrine causing misunderstanding. It is only ambiguous and confusing to good-hearted members (most members are), who are forced to accept it despite its inclusion of white supremacy, male supremacy, polygamy, and Old Testament genocide. I renounce all these things as wrong in all times and all places. Church doctrine therefore does not cause any misunderstandings in my mind. I know right from wrong and therefore reject it all. You were very right about the bible also including these things, but that is not a problem for me because I don't believe in that either.

I have never been happier or more at peace with myself. I will not return to the church, or join any other church. I no longer dedicate myself to telling others that they need to believe what I believe. I have shed off my ethnocentric past, and now embrace the worlds diversity of races and cultures. I now view the Mormon/Christian agenda of converting the whole world to one way of thinking as a very odd thing to desire. It shows a serious lack of appreciation for other cultures and beliefs.

That care,

John

James
19 June 2008 at 16:20

Yeah. But they sure will rattle around up there with their wife-swapping Utah Jesus.

copytech
21 June 2008 at 02:03

james,

You are very lost & messinformed person people in Utahdon't swap wifes that is something from calf. and is not of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. You are very , very wrong.Pray to Heavenly father to know the truth, remember the truth will set you free. the Devil tell lie about Christ Church so more people will be like him .

Russell

Deptford Dan
25 June 2008 at 14:37

If the LDS are "Christian", then the millions of us who claim we are followers of Christ are in BIG trouble.

According to Joseph Smith, God told him that all the churches are wrong, what we believe is an abomination, and all attenders are corrupt. These are the words of Joseph:

“My object in going to inquire of the Lord was to know which of all the sects was right, that I might know which to join. No sooner, therefore, did I get possession of myself, so as to be able to speak, than I asked the personages who stood above me in the light, which of all the sects was right--and which I should join. I was answered that I must join none of them, for they were all wrong, and the personage who addressed me said that all their creeds were an abomination in His sight: that those professors were all corrupt; that "they draw near to me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me; they teach for doctrines the commandments of men: having a form of godliness, but they deny the power thereof. – (Joseph Smith, History of the Church, Volume 1, pages 5&6). The LDS leaders have not cancelled this divine message. How can they? And why does the

Mormon church sometimes present itself as merely a senomination, alongside the Baptists, Methodists.

and Evangelicals, etc., when their teaching claims

the LDS church is the one and only God-appointed church on earth. Only they can look forward to enter the Celestial Kingdom where God dwells.

copytech
27 June 2008 at 02:16

DEPFORD DAN

SOUNDS LIKE YOU LIKE TO PUT DOWN EVERYONE ELSE TO MAKE YOURSELF FEEL BETTER. JUST FACE THE TRUTH THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS IS THE TRUE CHURCH.

IT ALL COMES DOWN TO TWO CHURCHES THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OR THE LDS CHURCH ALL OTHERS ARE BREAK OFF SO THE CAN'T BE RIGHT

RUSSELL

Deptford Dan
27 June 2008 at 10:06

Quoting Mormon apostles and prophets seems to spark a strong reaction in Russell. I am not a Roman Catholic. My post pointed out the LDS claim to be uniquely THE church representing God on earth. All other churches, the whole lot, according to prophet Joseph Smith, are in abomination error and will never reach the Celestial Kingdom where God and Christ dwell - unless they convert to Mormonism. Elohim, the God of this world, a man who lived on another planet in the cosmos, reached that Kingdom and was rewarded with godhood. All worthy LDS males hope to follow in his footsteps. Right, Russell?

copytech
28 June 2008 at 02:24

yes on part Dan,

It was Jesus Christ that told Joseph that all the Churches abominations in his( Jesus Christ ) sight

Joseph Smith did not say that , he just repeated what the Lord told him. and yes all worthy persons will go to the Celestial Kingdom with Heavenly Father And His Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost . So why content with the truth.

Russell

Deptford Dan
28 June 2008 at 20:44

Thank you, Russell, for confirming what Mormons really believe about their church. Not a Christian denomination, but THE one and only true church, bound for the Celestial Kingdom. And the rest of us in the other churches? Can we enter that sacred place too? No chance. All of this is God's verdict as told to Joseph Smith. Read again the Mormon-source quotes from the apostles and prophets of the LDS in my previous quotes. Whatever they say on the doorstep, this is what they believe about the rest of us.

copytech
29 June 2008 at 02:37

If the trurh hurts I'm sorry that you can't take the truth.

If all the other Churches are right them why is there soooo! many of them (churchs) there is just one God, then shouldn't there just be One Church not many, they teach soo many different teachings so that was what Joseph Smith Asked and Jesus Christ told him which church to join. if you can not handle the truth then don't ask the question.

Russell

Deptford Dan
29 June 2008 at 08:07

There are more than one hundred groups, large and small, that claim to be THE true and faithful Mormon church, Russell. Look it up. And as you know, Mormonism teaches there are many gods: Elohim's father, grandfather, great-grandfather. And Russell, isn't your ambition to join their ranks via the Celestial Kingdom? ”The Lord created you and me for the purpose of becoming Gods like Himself; when we have been proved in our present capacity, and been faithful with all things He puts into our possession. We are created, we are born for the express purpose of growing up from the low estate of manhood, to become Gods like unto our Father in heaven”. Brigham Young, Journal Of Discourses,vol. 3, p.93

copytech
29 June 2008 at 18:17

true so what the problem if you know what is right then why fight the thruth

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